The Builder's Guide "Your homemade CNC router project begins here"
This guide is still under construction!
Sections
Introduction
My Experience
About Kits and Plans
About This Guide
The Guide Starts Here
Introduction So you've decided to build a homemade CNC router or maybe youre just considering it, but where do you start? There are many advantages to owning a CNC router. Homemade CNC routers can cut and carve almost anything. For any hobbyist or DIYer, this opens many doors. The fact that you could own one for a fraction of the retail cost is even more enticing. Yes, you can build a CNC router that is just about as good as any other for a fraction of the retail price, and its not that difficult! This is not a sales pitch, this guide is FREE its all below. There is also a great deal of flexibility when you design and build your own machine. You will be able to customize your machine to fit you needs best. Not to big, not to small, just right. There are many reasons people want to build their own homemade CNC router. Its usually because we simply cant afford to buy one off the shelf and thats as good of a reason as any other. Or you may be like me and enjoy working with your hand and creating something unique. You might simply be in it for the learning experience. For me personally, I think it was a little of both.
My Experience When I first started to design and build my first homemade CNC router, I had it all figured out in about a day. I had my design ready to go. Then as I started to buy the parts, I did a little research. I found bits and pieces of information here and there, but it just lead to more questions.
Do I really need ball screws or will ACME screws work fine? What kind of linear bearing is the best, and can I afford it? How big of a motor do I need, and should I use steppers or servos? Will this material flex too much over that span? Etc.
Luckily, some of my questions I could answer with my mechanical engineering background. However, many of the problems I would encounter could not be calculated. I just needed someone with experience and information on the subject. So I researched the internet. The information available is scattered and hard to come by, and how do I know if its valid. Most of the answers to my questions came through reading hundreds and hundreds of threads like CNCzone.com. Which is a rood resource. I would post my questions and wait for people who already have built a homemade CNC router to hopefully give me a good answer. Of course I would get many answers to my questions from different people, many of which contradicted each other. Then Id have to read though a thread where people were bickering back and forth. Of course then I would have to research further to find out which answers were worth while and which ones were garbage. Every time I had a question that I didnt know, I would have to go through the same process. A lot of this was due to the fact I was on a budget and wanted the best design my money could buy. Which is the same situation many people building a homemade CNC router are in? CNC router kits and plans Yes, there are homemade CNC router kits available, but I have yet to see one that gives any explanation as to what you are actually doing. It just says do these things and you are supposed to follow directions. But what if you do not have the parts available? Or you want your design to vary slightly. Then you are left to fend for your self. Maybe you dont want to design your own, but still want to build your own. Thats where the kits and plans help you most, like the CNC router kits at www.solsylva.com . Plans are good for what they are, they are instructions. There are a lot of them out there and how do you know which one is the right one. No matter how good the instructions are, if its a bad design it WILL be a bad machine. That is why you need to be educated as to what you are building and what each part does! This Guide This is where this guide will help you. After designing and building several of my own homemade CNC routers, I would like to share the knowledge from my experiences, good and bad. I think its sad that this information isnt out there, and I DONT think it should cost you anything. This guide aims to keep you for making some of the same mistakes that I made costing me precious time, money, and frustration. We will walk through ever component down to the bolts, looking at advantages and disadvantages of every type of each component. I will discuss every aspect of designing and building your own homemade CNC router. It will take you through the mechanics to software and everything in between. If you still want to use a homemade CNC router plan or kit, you can find
CNC router plans here.
Keep in mind, homemade CNC Router plans offer little in the way of explaining concepts. This often leads to a "sloppy" design or unsatisfactory machine performance. That is why I suggest I you read through this guide first.
By the end, you should be talking CNC like a pro! This will give you a real heads up when you go to build and design your homemade CNC router. Regardless if you are using your plans or someone else's .
LETS GET STARTED
STEP 1: Key Design Decisions
This section covers the following: Identifying the right design for you Required cutting area Space availability Materials Tolerances Constructing Methods Available tools Budget
STEP 2: The Base and X-axis Frame
This section covers the following: Designing and Building the main base or x-axis base A breakdown of different designs Fully Supported Frames Partially Supported Frames etc.
STEP 3: The Y- Axis Gantry Design
This section covers the following: Designing and Building the Y-axis Gantry A breakdown of different designs Forces and Moments on the Gantry Do's and Don't etc.
STEP 4: The Z- Axis Assembly Design
This section covers the following: Designing and Building the Z-axis Assembly Forces and Moments on the Z-axis Assembly Linear rail/rods and bearing spacing The Plunge arm Design etc.
STEP 5: The Liniear Motion System
This section covers the following: Detailed Overview of linear motion systems Choosing the right system for your machine Designing and building your own Linear Shaft and bushings Linear Rails and Guide Blocks etc.
STEP 6: Mechanical Drive Components
This section covers the following topics: Detailed overview of the drive components Choosing the right components for your design Stepper and Servo motors Lead screws and ball screws Drive nuts Radial and thrust Bearings Motor coupling and mounting Direct drive vs. Geared Rack and Pinions Lead screw motor sizing etc.
STEP 7: Choosing The Motors
This section covers the following topics: Detailed overview of the CNC motors Types of CNC motors Stepper vs Servo motors How Stepper motors work Types of Stepper motors How Servo motors work Types of Servo Motors NEMA Standards Choosing the right motor type for your design Motor Sizing etc.
STEP 8: The Cutting Table design
This section covers the following: The Cutting table designs overview T-slot Table Vacuum Table Perforated cutting bed The Cutaway bed Designing and Building your own etc.
STEP 9: The Spindle Options
This section covers the following: CNC Spindles overview Types and features Pricing and costs Mounting and cooling options Coolant systems Building your own How to calculate chip load and cutting force How to find optimal feed rates etc.
STEP 10: The Electronics
This section covers the following: CNC Electronics overview The Control panel Wiring and Fusing Buttons and switches MPG's and Jog wheels Power Supplies etc.
STEP 11: The CNC Controller options
This section covers the following: The CNC Controller overview Controller selection Options available Closed loop vs. Open loop systems Best priced controllers Building your own from scratch etc.
STEP 12: Selecting the Software
This section covers the following: The CNC related Software overview What software will I need CAM software CAD software NC Controller Software Best choices Free ware etc.
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